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The name of the body of water separating the Iranian plateau, historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf, after the land of Persia (Iran), has been disputed by some Arab countries since the 1960s.〔Eilts, Hermann F. (Autumn 1980). "Security Considerations in the Persian Gulf". ''International Security''. Vol. 5, No. 2. pp. 79–113.〕 Rivalry between Iran and some Arab states, along with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, has seen the term Arabian Gulf used in Arab countries.〔Abedin, Mahan (4 December 2004). ("All at Sea over 'the Gulf'" ). Asia Times Online. Retrieved 13 May 2012.〕 ==Overview== On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known by the name "Persian Gulf". This reflects traditional usage since the Greek geographers Strabo and Ptolemy, and the geopolitical realities of the time with a powerful Persian Empire (Iran) comprising the whole northern coastline and a scattering of local emirates on the Arabian coast. It was referred to as the Persian Gulf by the Arabic Christian writer Agapius, writing in the 10th century.〔("Agapius on a Boat" ). roger-pearse.com. Retrieved 24 February 2009.〕 According to Mahan Abedin of Jamestown Foundation, the first proposal to change the name to the "Arabian" Gulf goes back to the 1930s by Sir Charles Belgrave, then the British adviser to the ruler of Bahrain. Arab countries used the term "Persian Gulf" until the 1960s,〔("Picture of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Handwritten Letter, Using the Term Persian Gulf" ).〕〔Picture of 1952 Saudi Arabian ARAMCO map using the name Persian Gulf〕 but with the rise of Arab nationalism during that decade, some Arab countries, including the ones bordering the Persian Gulf, adopted widespread use of the term "الخليج العربي" (''al-Ḫalīj al-ʻArabiyy''; ''Arab Gulf'' or ''Arabian Gulf'') to refer to this waterway. A senior presenter for Al Jazeera English said "ironically, among the major drivers of the movement for change were Arab perceptions that Iran, driven by Washington, had supported Israel during the Arab-Israeli war of 1973".〔Teymoor Nabili (12 December 2010). ("Persian Gulf or Arabian Gulf?" ). Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 11 June 2012.〕 This, coupled with the decreasing influence of Iran on the political and economic priorities of the English-speaking Western World, led to increasing acceptance, both in regional politics and the mostly petroleum-related business, of the new alternative naming convention "Arabian Gulf" in Arab countries. The term "Arabian Gulf" (''Sinus Arabicus'') was formerly used to refer to what is now known as the Red Sea (as illustrated in the map examples with this article). This usage was adopted into European maps from, among others, Strabo and Ptolemy, who called the Red Sea ''Sinus Arabicus'' (Arabian Gulf). Both of these ancient geographers also used the name ''Sinus Persicus'' to refer to the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Later, from the early Modern Times onwards used similar terms (''Sinus Persicus'', ''Persischer Golf'', ''Golfo di Persia'' and the like, in different languages) when referring to the Persian Gulf, The capture of Baghdad by the Ottoman Empire in 1534 gave Turkey access to the Indian Ocean via the port of Basra at the head of the gulf. This coincided with the early mapmaking efforts of Gerard Mercator, whose 1541 terrestrial globe attempts to give the most up-to-date information, naming the gulf ''Sinus Persicus, nunc Mare de Balsera'' ("Persian Gulf, now Sea of Basra").〔Mercator, Gerard. ("Terrestrial Globe, Arabian Section" ) (1541) via Harvard University.〕 However, on his world map of 1569, the name is changed to ''Mare di Mesendin'' (after the peninsula Ra's Musandam, in modern-day Oman),〔Mercator, Gerard. ("Mercator Projection World Map" ) (1569) via wilhelmkruecken.de.〕 while his rival Abraham Ortelius, for the world atlas of 1570, opted for ''Mare El Catif, olim Sinus Persicus'' (after the Arabian port of Al Qatif), but labelled the entrance to the gulf the present-day Strait of Hormuz as ''Basora Fretum'' (Strait of Basra).〔Ortelius, Abraham. ("Map of Turkish Empire" ) (1570) via cartographicarts.com.〕 Among all this confusion, the old name gradually reasserted itself in the 17th century, but Turkey still uses the name "Gulf of Basra"〔Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (history page ). www.kultur.gov.tr.〕 in Turkish today. Following British attempts to control the seaway in the late 1830s, the ''Times Journal'', published in London in 1840, referred to the Persian Gulf as the "Britain Sea," but this name was never used in any other context.〔United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names ("Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the Name 'Persian Gulf'" ). (April 2006).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Persian Gulf naming dispute」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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